Ureteronephroscopy is an important breakthrough in urological endoscopy in recent years, opening up new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of ureteral and renal diseases.
Indications: It can be divided into two types: for inspection purposes and for treatment purposes:
1) For inspection purposes:
① Diagnosis of excretory urography or retrograde imaging found filling defects in the renal pelvis and ureter, such as light-transmitting stones, papilloma and biopsy of suspicious lesions.
② Unexplained duct stenosis or obstruction.
③ Idiopathic hematuria from the upper urinary tract.
④ Follow-up after local non-radical resection of renal pelvis or ureter tumors.
2) For therapeutic purposes:
①Ureteral calculi, lithotripsy or lithotripsy through ureteroscopy.
②Removal of foreign bodies in renal pelvis and ureter.
③ expansion of ureteral stricture.
④ upper urinary tract bleeding with electrocautery to stop bleeding.
Contraindications:
① acute urinary tract infection.
② bladder capacity is too small.
③ Lower urinary tract obstruction (such as urethral stricture or severe prostatic hyperplasia), those who have difficulty in bladder insertion.
④Various factors lead to ureteral fixation, fibrosis, etc., which make intubation difficult or may cause ureteral perforation.
⑤ Have systemic bleeding disorders.
complication:
① Ureteral mucosal injury, especially in lithotripsy or lithotripsy, is prone to occur.
②The perforation of the ureteral wall is prone to occur when the ureter itself has lesions.
③ Ureteral stricture is more common in long-term complications after ureteral operation.
④ Infection, more common in those who have been accompanied by infection before surgery.