Hysteroscopy can directly inspect the changes in the uterine cavity, and perform various operations and treatments in the uterine cavity, providing patients with more treatment methods.
Hysteroscopic findings of normal uterine cavity:
1. The normal cervical canal is round or oval in the shape of a barrel. The surface is covered with red, whitish or red endocervical mucosa, and there are many longitudinal wrinkles and marshes, which is obviously different from the endometrium. Dilation of the cervix will cause cervical canal laceration, and the wound and bleeding can be seen under the microscope.
2. The internal os of the cervix is round and oval, with smooth and neat edges, with occasional mild irregularities. The endometrium seems to be slightly paler than that of the uterus.
3. When the uterine cavity is good, the fundus of the uterus is flattened, but it is slightly arc-shaped and protrudes into the cavity, making the corners on both sides appear deeper. The color, thickness, and folds of the endometrium vary slightly with the menstrual cycle. ①The repair period is in the endometrium: generally refers to the 5th to 6th day of menstruation, the entire uterine cavity is poorly covered by the neonatal epithelium, with a thickness of 0.5-0.9 mm. The intima is smooth, yellowish-red, with few vascular streaks, and there may be scattered hemorrhagic spots, and the opening of the glands is not obvious. ②The endometrium in the early and mid-proliferation stage: 20-50 mm thick, purple-red in color, with increased fading of the young, part of which is polypoid, and the opening of the glandular duct is clearer. @Endometrial in late hyperplasia and early secretion: Refers to the endometrium within 2 to 3 days before and after ovulation, the endometrium is protruding, wavy, and the opening of the gland is particularly concave. ④ Secretory endometrium: hemispherical or polyp-like protrusions, the openings of glands are almost indistinguishable. Due to interstitial edema, the intima is translucent yellow-red with a clear capillary network. ⑤ Endometrial during menstruation: interstitial edema subsided; the endometrium tends to become thinner, and the surface fine folds increase, which may be accompanied by small subendometrial hematomas in red plaques. The intima is brittle and easy to bleed. ⑤ Menstrual endometrium: Endometrial exfoliation, accompanied by spotting bleeding spots and lichen-like peeling surface, rough blood vessels and glandular stumps can be seen.
4. The uterine horn and the fallopian tube orifice The uterine horn is deep and leaky when the uterine cavity is not yet unfolded, and the fallopian tube orifice can be seen at the top or inside of the top of the uterus when it is fully unfolded. Loss was star-shaped or crescent-shaped.
5. Other scenes in the uterine cavity ①Bleeding: blood films, blood threads and blood clots can be attached to the endometrial surface or suspended in the uterus. Displaced with the flow of dilatation fluid. The hemorrhagic spots under the human membrane can be scattered or merged into pieces, and are red or dark red foci. The surface is covered by the endometrium, so it does not move with the flow of the dilatation fluid. If the venules or capillaries are active bleeding, the blood can be seen slowly flowing out from the bleeding foci. Small arterial hemorrhage is pulsatile. If there is a lot of bleeding, the seal and the uterine swelling fluid will melt into a red piece, making the vision blurry. ② Mucus: It is white and flocculent, moves and deforms with the dilatation fluid, and sometimes adheres to the endometrial surface, which is difficult to distinguish from endometrial fragments. ③ Endometrial fragments; many parts are attached to the uterine wall, and some of them hang down in the uterine cavity, pale or red in color, in the uterine dilatation fluid, the shape is firmer than the mucus, and can shake but not move The gas enters the uterine cavity and collects in the anterior wall of the uterus in the form of microbubbles.